>ng g c Dashboard/CallProtectedApi

import { CallProtectedApiComponent } from "./call-protected-api/call-protected-api.component";

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: "callProtectedApi",
    component: CallProtectedApiComponent,
    data: {
      permission: {
        permittedRoles: ["Admin", "User"],
        deniedRoles: null
      } as AuthGuardPermission
    },
    canActivate: [AuthGuard]
  }
];

<li *ngIf="isLoggedIn" routerLinkActive="active"><a [routerLink]="['/callProtectedApi']">‍‍Call Protected Api</a></li>

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { AuthService } from "../../core/services/auth.service";

@Component({
  selector: "app-call-protected-api",
  templateUrl: "./call-protected-api.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./call-protected-api.component.css"]
})
export class CallProtectedApiComponent implements OnInit {

  isAdmin = false;
  isUser = false;
  result: any;

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.isAdmin = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("Admin");
    this.isUser = this.authService.isAuthUserInRole("User");
  }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
  }
}

<button *ngIf="isAdmin" (click)="callMyProtectedAdminApiController()">
  Call Protected Admin API [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]</button><button *ngIf="isAdmin || isUser" (click)="callMyProtectedApiController()">
  Call Protected API ([Authorize])</button><div *ngIf="result"><pre>{{result | json}}</pre></div>

  getBearerAuthHeader(): HttpHeaders {
    return new HttpHeaders({
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      "Authorization": `Bearer ${this.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken)}`
    });
  }

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { HttpEvent, HttpInterceptor, HttpHandler, HttpRequest } from "@angular/common/http";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";

import { AuthService, AuthTokenType } from "./auth.service";

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private authService: AuthService) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {

    const accessToken = this.authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http";

import { AuthInterceptor } from "./services/auth.interceptor";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    {
      provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,
      useClass: AuthInterceptor,
      multi: true
    }
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

compiler.js:19514 Uncaught Error: Provider parse errors:
Cannot instantiate cyclic dependency! InjectionToken_HTTP_INTERCEPTORS ("[ERROR ->]"): in NgModule AppModule in ./AppModule@-1:-1

import { Injector } from "@angular/core";

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(private injector: Injector) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
    }

    return next.handle(request);
  }
}

  constructor(
    private authService: AuthService,
    private httpClient: HttpClient,
    @Inject(APP_CONFIG) private appConfig: IAppConfig,
  ) { }

  callMyProtectedAdminApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedAdminApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

  callMyProtectedApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

    return next.handle(request)
      .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
        if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
          this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
        }
        return Observable.throw(error);
      });

@Injectable()
export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {

  constructor(
    private injector: Injector,
    private router: Router) { }

  intercept(request: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    const authService = this.injector.get(AuthService);
    const accessToken = authService.getRawAuthToken(AuthTokenType.AccessToken);
    if (accessToken) {
      request = request.clone({
        headers: request.headers.set("Authorization", `Bearer ${accessToken}`)
      });
      return next.handle(request)
        .catch((error: any, caught: Observable<HttpEvent<any>>) => {
          if (error.status === 401 || error.status === 403) {
            this.router.navigate(["/accessDenied"]);
          }
          return Observable.throw(error);
        });
    } else {
      // login page
      return next.handle(request);
    }
  }
}

using ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace ASPNETCore2JwtAuthentication.WebApp.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [EnableCors("CorsPolicy")]
    [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]
    public class MyProtectedEditorsApiController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Get()
        {
            return Ok(new
            {
                Id = 1,
                Title = "Hello from My Protected Editors Controller! [Authorize(Policy = CustomRoles.Editor)]",
                Username = this.User.Identity.Name
            });
        }
    }
}

  callMyProtectedEditorsApiController() {
    this.httpClient
      .get(`${this.appConfig.apiEndpoint}/MyProtectedEditorsApi`)
      .map(response => response || {})
      .catch((error: HttpErrorResponse) => Observable.throw(error))
      .subscribe(result => {
        this.result = result;
      });
  }

برای ایجاد یک Container network ابتدا نیاز است یک Custom network bridge را ساخته و container‌های مختلفی را دورن آن اجرا کنیم.

بنابراین برای ایجاد یک شبکه، از دستور زیر استفاده میکنیم:

docker network create --driver bridge isolated-network

isolated-network نام این شبکه است و می‌توان به دلخواه آن را تغییر داد که در اینجا از نوع bridge در نظر گرفته شده‌است.

بعد از ایجاد آن می‌توانید با دستور زیر، لیست شبکه‌های موجود خود را مشاهده کنید:

docker network ls

حال میخواهیم containerهای خود را درون این شبکه اجرا نماییم؛ بطور مثال تصویر mongo را در نظر بگیرید. نیاز داریم container آن درون این شبکه‌ی از نوع bridge اجرا شده و بقیه‌ی containerهای درون این شبکه نیز بدان دسترسی داشته باشند.

دستور زیر را برای اجرا کردن container درون شبکه‌ای که ساخته‌ایم، فراخوانی می‌کنیم:

docker run -d --net=isolated-network --name mongodb mongo

با استفاده از نام mongodb که به این container داده‌ایم، توسط بقیه‌ی containerهای درون این شبکه، قابل دسترسی است.

برای کامل شدن این مثال کافی‌است به ادامه‌ی imageی که در مقاله‌ی قسمت قبلی انجام دادیم رفته و تغییراتی را در آن اعمال نماییم. برنامه‌ی nodejsی را که دفعه‌ی قبل نوشتیم، اینگونه بازنویسی می‌نماییم:

const express = require('express')
const mongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const app = express()

const PORT = 3000;

app.get('/', async (req, res) => {
  let db = null;
  try {
    db = await mongoClient.connect("mongodb://mongodb/");
    let database = db.db("myDb");
    await database.collection('users').insertOne({ firstName: 'Ali', lastName: 'Kh' });
  }
  catch (e) { }
  finally {
    if(db) db.close();
    res.send('Hello World')
  }
});


app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`listening on port ${PORT}!`)
})

تغییرات صورت گرفته فقط اضافه شدن پکیج mongodb است و بقیه‌ی کد‌ها هم منطق وصل شدن به دیتابیس و اضافه کردن رکوردی به یک مجموعه‌ی خاص میباشد که به صورت ساده‌ای در نظر گرفته شده است.

نکته: اگر از nodejs ورژن نسخه‌های پایین‌تر استفاده می‌کنید، ممکن است برای نوشتن async/await به خطا برخورد کنید. قاعدتا راه حلش یا بروزرسانی است و یا تغییر دادن کد‌های فوق از async/await به callback معمولی جاوااسکریپت.

نکته: همانطور که می‌بینید در صورت عادی، برای وصل شدن به دیتابیس mongo بطور مثال از localhost:27017 استفاده میکردیم، اما از آنجایی که برنامه‌ی ما درون یک container و شبکه‌ای که ایجاد کردیم، قرار است اجرا شود، توانستیم با استفاده از نام containerی که برای mongo ایجاد کردیم، بدان وصل شویم.

حال کافی‌است dockerfile قبلی را هم اضافه کرده و تصویر خود را build نماییم و بعد از آن هم با استفاده از دستور زیر تصویر خود را بر روی container اجرا کنیم:

دستور build

docker build -f dockerfile -t alikhll/nodemongo .

دستور اجرا

docker run -d --net=isolated-network -p 3000:3000 alikhll/nodemongo

همانطور که میبینید containerهای مختلفی را در یک شبکه اجرا کرده‌ایم و قابلیت فراخوانی آنها فراهم هست. اما شاید استفاده‌ی از این روش برای تست مناسب باشد، ولی اگر قرار باشد روند توسعه نرم‌افزار با استفاده از این روش انجام شود، سختی و تکرار‌ها در فرآیند این کار شاید زیاد‌تر از حد بوده و روند توسعه را کاهش دهد. برای حل این مشکل از ترکیب containerها در کنار هم استفاده میکنیم و مطالب بیشتری در قسمت بعدی آورده خواهد شد.

  defaultChecks() {
    const author = { firstName: "Vahid", lastName: "N" };
    console.log(author.lastname);
    author.lastName.trimStart();
    author.firstName.charCodeAt("1");
  }

> npm install -g tslint typescript

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "strictNullChecks": true
    }
}

  getSessionItem(key: string): any {
    const data = window.sessionStorage.getItem(key);
    return JSON.parse(data);
  }

[ts]
Argument of type 'string | null' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'string'.
const data: string | null

  getSessionItem(key: string): any {
    const data = window.sessionStorage.getItem(key);
    if (data) {
      return JSON.parse(data);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  noImplicitReturns(a: number) {
    if (a > 10) {
      return a;
    }
    // No return in this branch
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noImplicitReturns": true
    }
}

 [ts] Not all code paths return a value.

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "allowUnreachableCode": false
    }
}

    allowUnreachableCode() {
      if (false) {
        console.log("Unreachable code");
      }
      const a = 1;
      if (a > 0) {
        return 10; // reachable code
      }
      return 0;
      console.log("Unreachable code");
    }

  unusedLocals() {
    const a = "foo"; // Error: 'a' is declared but its value is never read
    return "bar";
  }

  unusedParameters(n: number) {
    n = 0; // Never read
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noUnusedLocals": true,
        "noUnusedParameters": true
    }
}

[ts] 'a' is declared but its value is never read.
[ts] 'n' is declared but its value is never read.

  excessPropertyForObjectLiterals() {
    let x: { foo: number };
    x = { foo: 1, baz: 2 };  // Error, excess property 'baz'
    let y: { foo: number, bar?: number };
    y = { foo: 1, baz: 2 };  // Error, excess property 'baz'
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "suppressExcessPropertyErrors": false
    }
}

[ts]
Type '{ foo: number; baz: number; }' is not assignable to type '{ foo: number; }'.
Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'baz' does not exist in type '{ foo: number; }'.
(property) baz: number

  fallthroughCasesInSwitchStatement(a: number) {
    switch (a) {
      case 0:
        break;

      case 1:
        a += 1;

      case 2:
        a += 2;
        break;
    }
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true
    }
}

  indexingObjectsLackingIndexSignatures() {
    const x = { a: 0 };
    x["a"] = 1; // ok
    x["b"] = 1; // Error, type '{ a: number; }' has no index signature.
  }

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": false
    }
}

[ts] Element implicitly has an 'any' type because type '{ a: number; }' has no index signature.

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "noImplicitAny": true
    }
}

  noImplicitAny(args) { // Error: Parameter 'args' implicitly has an 'any' type.
    console.log(args);
  }

  noImplicitAnyArgs(args: string[]) { // ok with the type information
    console.log(args);
  }

let name: string;
name = "Vahid"; // OK
name = null; // OK
name = undefined;  // OK

let age: number;
age = 24; // OK
age = null; // OK
age = undefined;  // OK

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "strictNullChecks": true
    }
}

 let foo: string = null; // Error! Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'string'.

Uncaught ReferenceError: foo is not defined
Uncaught TypeError: window.foo is not a function

// With strictNullChecks set to false
let d: Array<number> = [null, undefined, 10, 15]; //OK
let e: Array<string> = ["pie", null, ""];  //OK
// With strictNullChecks set to true
let d: Array<number> = [null, undefined, 10, 15]; // Error
let e: Array<string> = ["pie", null, ""]; // Error

{ 
    "compilerOptions": { 
        "strict": true  /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */ 
    } 
}

{ 
    "compilerOptions": { 
        "strict": true, 
        "noImplicitThis": false 
    } 
}

 let foo: string | null = null; // Okay!

let name: string | null;
name = "Vahid"; // OK
name = null; // OK
name = undefined;  // Error

let z = null;

testAssignedBeforeUseChecking() {
    let x: number;
    console.log(x);
}

 [ts] Variable 'x' is used before being assigned.

let z: number | undefined;
console.log(z);

method1(x?: number) {
}

method1(x?: number | undefined) {
}

  f(x: number): string {
    return x.toString();
  }

  testTypeGuards() {
    let x: number | null | undefined;
    if (x) {
      this.f(x);  // Ok, type of x is number here
    } else {
      this.f(x);  // Error, type of x is number? here
    }
  }

 Argument of type 'number | null | undefined' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'number'.

getLength(s: string | null) {
   return s ? s.length : 0;
}

isNumber(n: any): n is number { // type guard
   return typeof n === "number";
}

  usedMb(usedBytes?: number): number | undefined {
    return this.isNumber(usedBytes) ? (usedBytes / (1024 * 1024)) : undefined;
  }

  usedMb2(usedBytes?: number): number | undefined {
    return usedBytes ? (usedBytes / (1024 * 1024)) : undefined;
  }

  formatUsedMb(): string {
    //ERROR: TS2531: Object is possibly undefined
    return this.usedMb(123).toFixed(0).toString();
  }

  formatUsed(): string {
    const usedMb = this.usedMb(123);
    return usedMb ? usedMb.toFixed(0).toString() : "";
  }

export interface User {
  name: string;
  age?: number;
}

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    if (user.age != null) {
      console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age.toString()}`);
    }
  }

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age.toString()}`);
  }

  printUserInfo(user: User) {
    console.log(`${user.name}, ${user.age!.toString()}`);
  }

 [tslint] Forbidden non null assertion (no-non-null-assertion)

export interface Person {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

export class LinqTestsComponent {

  people: Person[] = [
    { name: "User 4", age: 27 },
    { name: "User 5", age: 42 },
    { name: "User 6", age: 8 },
    { name: "User 1", age: 20 },
    { name: "User 2", age: 35 },
    { name: "User 3", age: 78 }
  ];

}

  logTitle(title: string) {
    console.log(`%c${title}`, "background: #222; color: #bada55");
  }

  logOriginalArray() {
    console.log(`original this.people:${JSON.stringify(this.people)}`);
  }

  logResult(message: string, result: any) {
    console.log(`${message}:${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
  }

  equivalentToWhere() {
    const youngerThan40 = this.people.filter(person => person.age < 40); // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("People younger than 40", youngerThan40);

    // Filtering on Multiple Criteria
    const youngsters = this.people.filter(
      person => person.age < 40 && person.name.toLocaleLowerCase().indexOf("user") !== -1);
    this.logResult("Users younger than 40", youngsters);
  }

People younger than 40:[
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 6","age":8},
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35}
]

Users younger than 40:[
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 6","age":8},
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35}
]

  equivalentToAny() {

    const anyUnder40 = this.people.some(person => person.age < 40); // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("Are any people under 40?", anyUnder40); // true

    // Filtering on Criteria Matching any Object Properties
    const filterBy = "user";
    const anyUsers = this.people.filter(person =>
      Object.keys(person).some(property => {
        let value = (<any>person)[property];
        if (typeof value === "string") {
          value = value.toLocaleLowerCase();
        }
        return value.toString().indexOf(filterBy) !== -1;
      })
    );
    this.logResult("anyUsers", anyUsers);
  }

Are any people under 40?:true
anyUsers:[
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 5","age":42},
{"name":"User 6","age":8},
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35},
{"name":"User 3","age":78}
]

  equivalentToContains() {

    const searchElement: Person = { name: "User 4", age: 27 };
    const containsUser4 = this.people.includes(searchElement); // ECMAScript 2016 = ECMAScript 7
    this.logResult("Contains searchElement", containsUser4); // false -> only compares by reference and not by value.

    const indexOfUser4 = this.people.indexOf(searchElement); // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("indexOfUser4", indexOfUser4); // -1 -> only compares by reference and not by value.

    const stringifiedObj = JSON.stringify(searchElement);
    const includesUser4 = this.people.some(person => JSON.stringify(person) === stringifiedObj);
    this.logResult("includesUser4", includesUser4); // true -> compares by by value.
  }

  equivalentToAll() {
    const allUnder30 = this.people.every(person => person.age < 30); // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("Are all people under 30?", allUnder30); // false
  }

 Are all people under 30?:false

  equivalentToFirstOrDefault() {
    const vahidOrDefault = this.people.filter(item => item.name === "Vahid")[0] || null; // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("vahidOrDefault", vahidOrDefault);

    const user1OrDefault = this.people.find(item => item.name === "User 1") || null; // ECMAScript 2015 = ECMAScript 6
    this.logResult("user1OrDefault", user1OrDefault);
  }

  equivalentToFindIndex() {
    const index = this.people.findIndex(person => person.age === 8); // ECMAScript 2015 = ECMAScript 6
    this.logResult("index of the user with age 8", index)
  }

 index of the user with age 8:2

  equivalentToSelect() {
    const names = this.people.map(person => person.name); // ECMAScript 5
    this.logResult("Selected the names of people", names);
  }

  equivalentToAggregate() {
    // ECMAScript 5
    const aggregate = this.people.reduce((person1, person2) => {
      return { name: "", age: person1.age + person2.age };
    });
    this.logResult("Aggregate age", aggregate.age); // { age: 210 }
  }

 Aggregate age:210

  equivalentToForEach() {
    // ECMAScript 5
    this.people.forEach(person => {
      this.logResult("person", person);
    });
  }

 person:{"name":"User 4","age":27}
 person:{"name":"User 5","age":42}
 person:{"name":"User 6","age":8}
 person:{"name":"User 1","age":20}
 person:{"name":"User 2","age":35}
 person:{"name":"User 3","age":78}

    // ECMAScript 5
    let orderedByAgeAscending = this.people.sort((person1, person2) => {
      const a = person1.age;
      const b = person2.age;
      return a > b ? 1 : -1;
    });
    this.logResult("Ordered by age ascending", orderedByAgeAscending);

    orderedByAgeAscending = this.people.sort((person1, person2) => person1.age - person2.age);
    this.logResult("Ordered by age ascending", orderedByAgeAscending);

Ordered by age ascending:[
{"name":"User 6","age":8},
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 2","age":35},
{"name":"User 5","age":42},
{"name":"User 3","age":78}
]

    const orderedByName = this.people.sort((person1, person2) => {
      // name1.localeCompare(name2) // is case insensitive
      // or use toUpperCase() to ignore character casing
      const name1 = person1.name.toUpperCase();
      const name2 = person2.name.toUpperCase();
      return name1 > name2 ? 1 : -1;
    })
    this.logResult("Ordered by name", orderedByName);
    this.logOriginalArray();

Ordered by name:[
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35},
{"name":"User 3","age":78},
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 5","age":42},
{"name":"User 6","age":8}
]

original this.people:[
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35},
{"name":"User 3","age":78},
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 5","age":42},
{"name":"User 6","age":8}
]

  chainFunctionCalls() {
    const namesOfPeopleOver30OrderedDesc =
      this.people
        .filter(person => person.age > 30)
        .map(person => person.name)
        .sort((name1, name2) => {
          // name1.localeCompare(name2) // is case insensitive
          // or use toUpperCase() to ignore character casing
          name1 = name1.toUpperCase();
          name2 = name2.toUpperCase();
          return name2 > name1 ? 1 : -1;
        });
    this.logResult("the names of all people over 30 ordered by name descending", namesOfPeopleOver30OrderedDesc);
  }

 the names of all people over 30 ordered by name descending:["User 5","User 3","User 2"]

skip2 -> the deleted elements:[
{"name":"User 3","age":78},
{"name":"User 4","age":27},
{"name":"User 5","age":42},
{"name":"User 6","age":8}
]

original this.people:[
{"name":"User 1","age":20},
{"name":"User 2","age":35}
]

 TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory);

var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string>();
var value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 1");
Console.WriteLine(value);
value = dictionary.GetOrAdd("key1", x => "item 2");
Console.WriteLine(value);

item 1
item 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, int>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                });
            });

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 13

namespace Sample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, Lazy<int>>();
            var options = new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 100 };
            var addStack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            Parallel.For(1, 1000, options, i =>
            {
                var key = i % 10;
                dictionary.GetOrAdd(key, k => new Lazy<int>(() =>
                {
                    addStack.Push(k);
                    return i;
                }));
            });

            // Access the dictionary values to create lazy values.
            foreach (var pair in dictionary)
                Console.WriteLine(pair.Value.Value);

            Console.WriteLine($"dictionary.Count: {dictionary.Count}");
            Console.WriteLine($"addStack.Count: {addStack.Count}");
        }
    }
}

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
dictionary.Count: 10
addStack.Count: 10

    public class LazyConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>
    {
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>> _concurrentDictionary;
        public LazyConcurrentDictionary()
        {
            _concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, Lazy<TValue>>();
        }

        public TValue GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> valueFactory)
        {
            var lazyResult = _concurrentDictionary.GetOrAdd(key,
             k => new Lazy<TValue>(() => valueFactory(k), LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication));
            return lazyResult.Value;
        }
    }

using(var client = new HttpClient())
{
   // do something with http client
}

 Unable to connect to the remote server
System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted.

using (var client = new HttpClient())
{
       var result = await client.GetAsync("http://example.com/");
}

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
      using (var client = new HttpClient())
      {
            var result = await client.GetAsync("http://example.com/");
            Console.WriteLine(result.StatusCode);
      }
}

  TCP    192.168.1.6:13996      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:13997      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:13998      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:13999      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14000      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14001      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14002      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14003      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14004      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT
  TCP    192.168.1.6:14005      93.184.216.34:http     TIME_WAIT

 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\TcpTimedWaitDelay]

CancelPendingRequests
DeleteAsync
GetAsync
GetByteArrayAsync
GetStreamAsync
GetStringAsync
PostAsync
PutAsync
SendAsync

BaseAddress
DefaultRequestHeaders
MaxResponseContentBufferSize
Timeout

var sp = ServicePointManager.FindServicePoint(new Uri("http://thisisasample.com"));
sp.ConnectionLeaseTimeout = 60*1000; //In milliseconds

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;

namespace HttpClientTips
{
    public interface IHttpClientFactory : IDisposable
    {
        HttpClient GetOrCreate(
            Uri baseAddress,
            IDictionary<string, string> defaultRequestHeaders = null,
            TimeSpan? timeout = null,
            long? maxResponseContentBufferSize = null,
            HttpMessageHandler handler = null);
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;

namespace HttpClientTips
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Lifetime of this class should be set to `Singleton`.
    /// </summary>
    public class HttpClientFactory : IHttpClientFactory
    {
        // 'GetOrAdd' call on the dictionary is not thread safe and we might end up creating the HttpClient more than
        // once. To prevent this Lazy<> is used. In the worst case multiple Lazy<> objects are created for multiple
        // threads but only one of the objects succeeds in creating the HttpClient.
        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Uri, Lazy<HttpClient>> _httpClients =
                         new ConcurrentDictionary<Uri, Lazy<HttpClient>>();
        private const int ConnectionLeaseTimeout = 60 * 1000; // 1 minute

        public HttpClientFactory()
        {
            // Default is 2 minutes: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.net.servicepointmanager.dnsrefreshtimeout(v=vs.110).aspx
            ServicePointManager.DnsRefreshTimeout = (int)TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1).TotalMilliseconds;
            // Increases the concurrent outbound connections
            ServicePointManager.DefaultConnectionLimit = 1024;
        }

        public HttpClient GetOrCreate(
           Uri baseAddress,
           IDictionary<string, string> defaultRequestHeaders = null,
           TimeSpan? timeout = null,
           long? maxResponseContentBufferSize = null,
           HttpMessageHandler handler = null)
        {
            return _httpClients.GetOrAdd(baseAddress,
                             uri => new Lazy<HttpClient>(() =>
                             {
                                 // Reusing a single HttpClient instance across a multi-threaded application means
                                 // you can't change the values of the stateful properties (which are not thread safe),
                                 // like BaseAddress, DefaultRequestHeaders, MaxResponseContentBufferSize and Timeout.
                                 // So you can only use them if they are constant across your application and need their own instance if being varied.
                                 var client = handler == null ? new HttpClient { BaseAddress = baseAddress } :
                                               new HttpClient(handler, disposeHandler: false) { BaseAddress = baseAddress };
                                 setRequestTimeout(timeout, client);
                                 setMaxResponseBufferSize(maxResponseContentBufferSize, client);
                                 setDefaultHeaders(defaultRequestHeaders, client);
                                 setConnectionLeaseTimeout(baseAddress, client);
                                 return client;
                             },
                             LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication)).Value;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            foreach (var httpClient in _httpClients.Values)
            {
                httpClient.Value.Dispose();
            }
        }

        private static void setConnectionLeaseTimeout(Uri baseAddress, HttpClient client)
        {
            // This ensures connections are used efficiently but not indefinitely.
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.ConnectionClose = false; // keeps the connection open -> more efficient use of the client
            ServicePointManager.FindServicePoint(baseAddress).ConnectionLeaseTimeout = ConnectionLeaseTimeout; // ensures connections are not used indefinitely.
        }

        private static void setDefaultHeaders(IDictionary<string, string> defaultRequestHeaders, HttpClient client)
        {
            if (defaultRequestHeaders == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            foreach (var item in defaultRequestHeaders)
            {
                client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(item.Key, item.Value);
            }
        }

        private static void setMaxResponseBufferSize(long? maxResponseContentBufferSize, HttpClient client)
        {
            if (maxResponseContentBufferSize.HasValue)
            {
                client.MaxResponseContentBufferSize = maxResponseContentBufferSize.Value;
            }
        }

        private static void setRequestTimeout(TimeSpan? timeout, HttpClient client)
        {
            if (timeout.HasValue)
            {
                client.Timeout = timeout.Value;
            }
        }
    }
}

namespace HttpClientTips.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddSingleton<IHttpClientFactory, HttpClientFactory>();
            services.AddMvc();
        }

namespace HttpClientTips.Web.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
        public HomeController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
        {
            _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
        }

        public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
        {
            var host = new Uri("http://localhost:5000");
            var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.GetOrCreate(host);
            var responseMessage = await httpClient.GetAsync("home/about").ConfigureAwait(false);
            var responseContent = await responseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            return Content(responseContent);
        }

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HttpClientTips.LargeFiles
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient();

        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var bytes = await DownloadLargeFileAsync();
        }

        public static async Task<byte[]> DownloadLargeFileAsync()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Downloading a 4K content - too much bytes.");
            var response = await _client.GetAsync("http://downloads.4ksamples.com/downloads/sample-Elysium.2013.2160p.mkv");
            var bytes = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();
            return bytes;
        }
    }
}

private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient
{
    Timeout = Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan
};

namespace HttpClientTips.LargeFiles
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient
        {
            Timeout = Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan
        };

        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            await DownloadLargeFileAsync();
        }

        public static async Task DownloadLargeFileAsync()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Downloading a 4K content. too much bytes.");
            var response = await _client.GetAsync("http://downloads.4ksamples.com/downloads/sample-Elysium.2013.2160p.mkv");
            using (var streamToReadFrom = await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync())
            {
                string fileToWriteTo = Path.GetTempFileName();
                Console.WriteLine($"Save path: {fileToWriteTo}");
                using (var streamToWriteTo = File.Open(fileToWriteTo, FileMode.Create))
                {
                    await streamToReadFrom.CopyToAsync(streamToWriteTo);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

private static readonly HttpClientHandler _handler = new HttpClientHandler
{
    MaxConnectionsPerServer = int.MaxValue, // default for .NET Core
    UseDefaultCredentials = true
};
private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient(_handler)
{
    Timeout = Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan
};

var fileInfo = new FileInfo(outputFilePath);
long resumeOffset = 0;
if (fileInfo.Exists)
{
    resumeOffset = fileInfo.Length;
}
if (resumeOffset > 0)
{
    _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Range = new RangeHeaderValue(resumeOffset, null);
}

var response = await client.GetAsync(url, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead);
if (response.Headers.AcceptRanges == null && resumeOffset > 0)
{
    // resume not supported, starting over
}

private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

var result = await client.GetAsync(url, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead, _cts.Token);
using(var stream = await result.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync())
{
   byte[] buffer = new byte[80000];
   int bytesRead;
   while((bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0 &&
         !_cts.IsCancellationRequested)
   {
      outputStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
   }
}

public async Task DownloadFileAsync(string url, string outputFilePath, int maxRequestAutoRetries)
{
            var exceptions = new List<Exception>();

            do
            {
                --maxRequestAutoRetries;
                try
                {
                    await doDownloadFileAsync(url, outputFilePath);
                }
                catch (TaskCanceledException ex)
                {
                    exceptions.Add(ex);
                }
                catch (HttpRequestException ex)
                {
                    exceptions.Add(ex);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) when (isNetworkError(ex))
                {
                    exceptions.Add(ex);
                }

                // Wait a bit and try again later
               if (exceptions.Any())  await Task.Delay(2000, _cts.Token);
            } while (maxRequestAutoRetries > 0 &&
                     !_cts.IsCancellationRequested);

            var uniqueExceptions = exceptions.Distinct().ToList();
            if (uniqueExceptions.Any())
            {
                if (uniqueExceptions.Count() == 1)
                    throw uniqueExceptions.First();
                throw new AggregateException("Could not process the request.", uniqueExceptions);
            }
}

private static bool isNetworkError(Exception ex)
{
    if (ex is SocketException || ex is WebException)
        return true;
    if (ex.InnerException != null)
        return isNetworkError(ex.InnerException);
    return false;
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class ShowImagesController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public IActionResult GetImage()
        {
            return File("~/assets/resume.png", "image/png");
        }
    }
}

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http";

@Injectable()
export class DownloadBinaryDataService {

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient) { }

  public getImage(): Observable<Blob> {
    return this.httpClient.get("/api/ShowImages/GetImage", { responseType: "blob" });
  }
}

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";

function getWindow(): any {
  return window;
}

@Injectable()
export class WindowRefService {
  get nativeWindow(): any {
    return getWindow();
  }
}

import { WindowRefService } from "./window.service";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    WindowRefService
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

const urlCreator = this.nativeWindow.URL;
imageBlobUrl = urlCreator.createObjectURL(imageDataBlob);

<img src="blob:http://localhost:5000/9d4bae44-00bc-4ed8-9f27-cac2de5ecd5d">

 img-src 'self' data: blob:

import { WindowRefService } from "./../../core/window.service";
import { DownloadBinaryDataService } from "app/angular-http-client-blob/download-binary-data.service";
import { Component, OnInit, ViewChild, ElementRef } from "@angular/core";
import { DomSanitizer, SafeUrl } from "@angular/platform-browser";

@Component({
  templateUrl: "./download-blobs.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./download-blobs.component.css"]
})
export class DownloadBlobsComponent implements OnInit {

  @ViewChild("sampleImage1") sampleImage1: ElementRef;
  private nativeWindow: Window;
  imageBlobUrl: string;
  sanitizedImageBlobUrl: SafeUrl;

  constructor(private downloadService: DownloadBinaryDataService,
    private windowRefService: WindowRefService, private sanitizer: DomSanitizer) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.nativeWindow = this.windowRefService.nativeWindow;
    this.downloadService.getImage().subscribe(imageDataBlob => {
      const urlCreator = this.nativeWindow.URL;
      this.imageBlobUrl = urlCreator.createObjectURL(imageDataBlob); // doesn't work -> <img [src]="imageBlobUrl">
      this.sampleImage1.nativeElement.src = this.imageBlobUrl; // works -> <img #sampleImage1>
      this.sanitizedImageBlobUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustUrl(this.imageBlobUrl); // works -> <img [src]="sanitizedImageBlobUrl">
    });
  }
}

<h1>Angular HttpClient Blob</h1><h4>#sampleImage1</h4><img #sampleImage1><h4>imageBlobUrl</h4><img [src]="imageBlobUrl"><h4>sanitizedImageBlobUrl</h4><img [src]="sanitizedImageBlobUrl">

this.imageBlobUrl = urlCreator.createObjectURL(imageDataBlob); // doesn't work -> <img [src]="imageBlobUrl">

<h4>imageBlobUrl</h4><img [src]="imageBlobUrl">

<img _ngcontent-c1="" src="unsafe:blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc">

Refused to load the image 'unsafe:blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc' 
because it violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "img-src 'self' data: blob:".

this.sanitizedImageBlobUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustUrl(this.imageBlobUrl); // works -> <img [src]="sanitizedImageBlobUrl">

<img [src]="sanitizedImageBlobUrl">

<img _ngcontent-c1="" src="blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc">

<img #sampleImage1>

@ViewChild("sampleImage1") sampleImage1: ElementRef;

this.sampleImage1.nativeElement.src = this.imageBlobUrl; // works -> <img #sampleImage1>

<ng-component _nghost-c1=""><h1 _ngcontent-c1="">Angular HttpClient Blob</h1><h4 _ngcontent-c1="">#sampleImage1</h4><img _ngcontent-c1="" src="blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc"><h4 _ngcontent-c1="">imageBlobUrl</h4><img _ngcontent-c1="" src="unsafe:blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc"><h4 _ngcontent-c1="">sanitizedImageBlobUrl</h4><img _ngcontent-c1="" src="blob:http://localhost:5000/a4505339-5da2-4303-949c-8e6a7cfff2fc"></ng-component>

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace AngularTemplateDrivenFormsLab.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class ReportsController : Controller
    {
        [HttpGet("[action]")]
        public IActionResult GetPdfReport()
        {
            return File(virtualPath: "~/assets/sample.pdf",
                        contentType: "application/pdf",
                        fileDownloadName: "sample.pdf");
        }
    }
}

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http";

@Injectable()
export class DownloadPdfDataService {

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient) { }

  public getReport(): Observable<Blob> {
    return this.httpClient.get("/api/Reports/GetPdfReport", { responseType: "blob" });
  }
}

img-src 'self' data: blob:
default-src 'self' blob:
object-src 'self' blob:

import { DownloadPdfDataService } from "./../download-pdf-data.service";
import { WindowRefService } from "./../../core/window.service";
import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { DomSanitizer, SafeResourceUrl } from "@angular/platform-browser";

@Component({
  templateUrl: "./view-pdf.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./view-pdf.component.css"]
})
export class ViewPdfComponent implements OnInit {
  private nativeWindow: Window;
  private pdfBlobUrl: string;
  sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl: SafeResourceUrl;

  constructor(private downloadService: DownloadPdfDataService,
    private windowRefService: WindowRefService, private sanitizer: DomSanitizer) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.nativeWindow = this.windowRefService.nativeWindow;
    this.downloadService.getReport().subscribe(pdfDataBlob => {
      console.log("pdfDataBlob", pdfDataBlob);
      const urlCreator = this.nativeWindow.URL;
      this.pdfBlobUrl = urlCreator.createObjectURL(pdfDataBlob);
      console.log("pdfBlobUrl", this.pdfBlobUrl);
      this.sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(this.pdfBlobUrl);
    });
  }
}

<h1>Display PDF Files</h1><div *ngIf="sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl"><h4>using iframe</h4><iframe width="100%" height="600" [attr.src]="sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl" type="application/pdf"></iframe><h4>using object</h4><object [attr.data]="sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl" type="application/pdf" width="100%"
    height="100%"></object><h4>usin embed</h4><embed [attr.src]="sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl" type="application/pdf" width="100%"
    height="100%"></div>

this.sanitizedPdfBlobResourceUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(this.pdfBlobUrl);

  printPdf() {
    const iframe = document.createElement("iframe");
    iframe.style.display = "none";
    iframe.src = this.pdfBlobUrl;
    document.body.appendChild(iframe);
    iframe.contentWindow.print();
  }

  showPdf() {
    this.nativeWindow.open(this.pdfBlobUrl);
  }

  downloadPdf() {
    const fileName = "test.pdf";
    const anchor = document.createElement("a");
    anchor.style.display = "none";
    anchor.href = this.pdfBlobUrl;
    anchor.download = fileName;
    document.body.appendChild(anchor);
    anchor.click();
  }

• دوره Aspect oriented programming 
  
•  بررسی مفاهیم معکوس سازی وابستگی‌ها و ابزارهای مرتبط با آن
• طراحی و پیاده سازی ServiceLayer به همراه خودکارسازی Business Validationها 
  

پیش فرض ما این است که شما از EF به عنوان OR-Mapper استفاده می‌کنید و الگوی Context Per Request را پیاده سازی کرده اید یا از طریق پیاده سازی الگوی Container Per Request به داشتن Context یکتا برای هر درخواست رسیده اید.
کتابخانه StructureMap.Mvc5 پیاده سازی از الگوی Container Per Request را با استفاده از امکانات Nested Container مربوط به StructureMap ارائه می‌دهد. اشیاء موجود در Nested Container طول عمر Singleton دارند.

واسط ITransaction

    public interface ITransaction : IDisposable
    {
        void Commit();
        void Rollback();
    }

واسط IUnitOfWork

    public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable
    {
        ...

        ITransaction BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel isolationLevel = IsolationLevel.Snapshot);
        ITransaction Transaction { get; }
        IDbConnection Connection { get; }
        bool HasTransaction { get; }
    }

اعضای جدید واسط IUnitOfWork کاملا مشخص هستند.

پیاده سازی واسط ITransaction، توسط یک Nested Type در دل کلاس DbContextBase انجام می‌گیرد.

 public abstract class DbContextBase : DbContext
    {
        ...

        #region Fields
        
        private ITransaction _currenTransaction;

        #endregion

        #region NestedTypes

        private class DbContextTransactionAdapter : ITransaction
        {
            private DbContextTransaction _transaction;

            public DbContextTransactionAdapter(DbContextTransaction transaction)
            {
                Guard.NotNull(transaction, nameof(transaction));

                _transaction = transaction;
            }

            public void Commit()
            {
                _transaction?.Commit();
            }

            public void Rollback()
            {
                if (_transaction?.UnderlyingTransaction.Connection != null)
                    _transaction.Rollback();
            }

            public void Dispose()
            {
                _transaction?.Dispose();
                _transaction = null;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Public Methods
        ...

        public ITransaction BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel isolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted)
        {
            if (_currenTransaction != null) return _currenTransaction;

            return _currenTransaction = new DbContextTransactionAdapter(Database.BeginTransaction(isolationLevel));
        }
        #endregion

        #region Properties
        ...

        public ITransaction Transaction => _currenTransaction;
        public IDbConnection Connection => Database.Connection;
        public bool HasTransaction => _currenTransaction != null;

        #endregion
}

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContextBase, IUnitOfWork, ITransientDependency
{
     
}

TransactionalAttribute

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Class)]
    public sealed class TransactionalAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public IsolationLevel IsolationLevel { get; set; } = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted;
        public TimeSpan? Timeout { get; set; }
    }

TransactionInterceptor

    public class TransactionInterceptor : ISyncInterceptionBehavior
    {
        private readonly IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork;

        public TransactionInterceptor(IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        }
        public IMethodInvocationResult Intercept(ISyncMethodInvocation methodInvocation)
        {
            var transactionAttribute = GetTransactionaAttributeOrNull(methodInvocation.InstanceMethodInfo);

            if (transactionAttribute == null || _unitOfWork.HasTransaction) return methodInvocation.InvokeNext();

            using (var transaction = _unitOfWork.BeginTransaction(transactionAttribute.IsolationLevel))
            {
                try
                {
                    var result = methodInvocation.InvokeNext();

                    transaction.Commit();

                    return result;
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    transaction.Rollback();
                    throw;
                }
            }

        }

        private static TransactionalAttribute GetTransactionaAttributeOrNull(MemberInfo methodInfo)
        {
            var transactionalAttribute =
                ReflectionHelper.GetAttributesOfMemberAndDeclaringType<TransactionalAttribute>(
                    methodInfo
                ).FirstOrDefault();

            return transactionalAttribute;
        }
    }

در آخر لازم است این Interceptor در تنظیمات اولیه StructureMap به شکل زیر معرفی شود:

Policies.Interceptors(new DynamicProxyInterceptorPolicy(
                type => typeof(IApplicationService).IsAssignableFrom(type), typeof(AuthorizationInterceptor), typeof(TransactionInterceptor), typeof(ValidationInterceptor)));

نکته: فرض کنید در بدنه اکشن متد یک کنترلر ASP.NET MVC یا ASP.NET Core، دو متد تراکنشی فراخوانی شود؛ در این صورت شاید لازم باشد که این دو متد طی یک تراکنش واحد به جای تراکنش‌های مجزا، اجرا شوند؛ بنابراین نیاز است از الگوی Transaction Per Request استفاده شود. برای این کار می‌توان یک ActionFilterAttribute سفارشی ایجاد کرد که ایجاد کننده تراکنش باشد و متدهای داخلی که هر کدام جدا تراکنشی بودند، نیز از تراکنش ایجاد شده استفاده کنند.

var manager = person.GetDepartment().GetManager();

var manager = person.GetManager();

 ng g c core/bread-crumb

import { BreadCrumbComponent } from "./bread-crumb/bread-crumb.component";

@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule, RouterModule],
  exports: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
    BreadCrumbComponent
  ],
  declarations: [
    // components that are used in app.component.ts will be listed here.
    BreadCrumbComponent
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

export interface BreadCrumb {
  label: string;
  url: string;
};

import { Component, OnInit, ViewEncapsulation } from "@angular/core";
import { ActivatedRoute, NavigationEnd, Router } from "@angular/router";
import { BreadCrumb } from "./bread-crumb";
import { Observable } from "rxjs/Observable";

@Component({
  selector: "app-bread-crumb",
  templateUrl: "./bread-crumb.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./bread-crumb.component.css"],
  encapsulation: ViewEncapsulation.None
})
export class BreadCrumbComponent implements OnInit {

  breadcrumbs$: Observable<BreadCrumb[]>;

  constructor(private activatedRoute: ActivatedRoute, private router: Router) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.breadcrumbs$ = this.router.events
      .filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
      .distinctUntilChanged()
      .map(event => event ? this.buildBreadCrumbs(this.activatedRoute.root) : []);
  }

  buildBreadCrumbs(route: ActivatedRoute, url: string = "", breadcrumbs: Array<BreadCrumb> = []): Array<BreadCrumb> {
    const routeDataBreadCrumbKey = "breadcrumb";
    const routeConfig = route.routeConfig;
    const path = routeConfig && routeConfig.path !== undefined ? routeConfig.path : "";

    let label = path;
    if (url === "") {
      label = "Home";
    } else if (routeConfig && routeConfig.data !== undefined) {
      label = routeConfig.data[routeDataBreadCrumbKey];
    }

    const nextUrl = `${url}${path}/`;
    const breadcrumb: BreadCrumb = {
      label: label,
      url: nextUrl
    };
    console.log("breadcrumb", { path: path, label: label, url: nextUrl, route: route });
    const newBreadcrumbs = [...breadcrumbs, breadcrumb];
    if (route.firstChild) {
      return this.buildBreadCrumbs(route.firstChild, nextUrl, newBreadcrumbs);
    }
    return newBreadcrumbs;
  }

}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.breadcrumbs$ = this.router.events
      .filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
      .distinctUntilChanged()
      .map(event => event ? this.buildBreadCrumbs(this.activatedRoute.root) : []);
  }

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: "breadCrumbTest",
    data: { breadcrumb: "Parent1" },
    children: [
      {
        path: "", component: Parent1Component
      },
      {
        path: "Parent1Child1",
        data: { breadcrumb: "Parent1-Child1" },
        children: [
          {
            path: "", component: Parent1Child1Component
          },
          {
            path: "Parent1Child1Child1", component: Parent1Child1Child1Component,
            data: { breadcrumb: "Parent1-Child1 Child1" }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
];

 data: { breadcrumb: "Parent1-Child1 Child1" }

  buildBreadCrumbs(route: ActivatedRoute, url: string = "", breadcrumbs: Array<BreadCrumb> = []): Array<BreadCrumb> {
    const routeDataBreadCrumbKey = "breadcrumb";
    const routeConfig = route.routeConfig;
    const path = routeConfig && routeConfig.path !== undefined ? routeConfig.path : "";

    let label = path;
    if (url === "") {
      label = "Home";
    } else if (routeConfig && routeConfig.data !== undefined) {
      label = routeConfig.data[routeDataBreadCrumbKey];
    }

    const nextUrl = `${url}${path}/`;
    const breadcrumb: BreadCrumb = {
      label: label,
      url: nextUrl
    };

    const newBreadcrumbs = [...breadcrumbs, breadcrumb];
    if (route.firstChild) {
      return this.buildBreadCrumbs(route.firstChild, nextUrl, newBreadcrumbs);
    }
    return newBreadcrumbs;

 encapsulation: ViewEncapsulation.None

<ol class="breadcrumb"><li *ngFor="let breadcrumb of breadcrumbs$ | async" class="breadcrumb-item"><a [routerLink]="[breadcrumb.url]">{{ breadcrumb.label }}</a></li></ol>

   breadcrumbs$: Observable<BreadCrumb[]>;

<div class="container"><app-bread-crumb></app-bread-crumb><router-outlet></router-outlet></div>

<head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico"><title>newTitle ...</title><base href="/"><meta name="description" content="Angular meta service"><meta name="author" content="DNT"><meta name="keywords" content="Angular, Meta Service"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@my_site"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Front-end Web Development"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn frontend web development..."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://site/images/image.png"><meta name="author" content="Other Author"></head>

import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";
import { Meta, Title } from "@angular/platform-browser";

@Component({
  selector: "app-seo-tests",
  templateUrl: "./seo-tests.component.html",
  styleUrls: ["./seo-tests.component.css"]
})
export class SeoTestsComponent implements OnInit {

  constructor(private metaService: Meta, private titleService: Title) {
  }

    // addTag & addTags
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "description", content: "How to optimize your Angular App for search engine and other crawlers." });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "author", content: "DNT" });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "keywords", content: "Angular, Meta Service" });
    // Or
    this.metaService.addTags([
      { name: "description", content: "How to optimize your Angular App for search engine and other crawlers." },
      { name: "author", content: "DNT" },
      { name: "keywords", content: "Angular, Meta Service" }
    ], false); // --> forceCreation = false

    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:card", content: "summary_large_image" });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:site", content: "@my_site" });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:title", content: "Front-end Web Development" });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:description", content: "Learn frontend web development..." });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:image", content: "https://site/images/image.png" });
    // Or
    this.metaService.addTags([
      { name: "twitter:card", content: "summary_large_image" },
      { name: "twitter:site", content: "@my_site" },
    ], false); // --> forceCreation = false

    // getTag & getTags
    const viewport = this.metaService.getTag("name=viewport");
    if (viewport) {
      console.log(viewport.content); // width=device-width, initial-scale=1
    }
    const author = this.metaService.getTag("name=author");
    if (author) {
      console.log(author.content); // DNT
    }

    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "author", content: "DNT" });
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "author", content: "Other Author" }, true);
    const authors = this.metaService.getTags("name=author");
    console.log(authors[0]); // <meta name="author" content="DNT">
    console.log(authors[1]); // <meta name="author" content="Other Author">

    // updateTag
    this.metaService.addTag({ name: "twitter:card", content: "summary_large_image" });
    this.metaService.updateTag({ name: "twitter:card", content: "summary" }, `name='twitter:card'`);

    this.metaService.updateTag({ name: "description", content: "Angular meta service" });

    // removeTag & removeTagElement
    this.metaService.removeTag("charset");
    // Or
    const chartsetTag = this.metaService.getTag("charset");
    if (chartsetTag) {
      this.metaService.removeTagElement(chartsetTag);
    }

    // Setting the browser page Title in an Angular app
    const currentTitle = this.titleService.getTitle();
    console.log(currentTitle);
    this.titleService.setTitle("newTitle ...");

const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: "seo", component: SeoTestsComponent,
    data: {
      title: "Page Title",
      metaTags: {
        description: "Page Description or some content here",
        keywords: "some, keywords, here, separated, by, a comma"
      }
    }
  }
];

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Title, Meta } from "@angular/platform-browser";
import { Router, NavigationEnd, ActivatedRouteSnapshot } from "@angular/router";

@Injectable()
export class SeoService {

  constructor(private titleService: Title, private metaService: Meta, private router: Router) { }

  enableSeo() {
    this.router.events
      .filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
      .distinctUntilChanged()
      .subscribe(() => {
        this.addMetaData(this.router.routerState.snapshot.root);
      });
  }

  private addMetaData(root: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): void {
    if (root.children && root.children.length) {
      this.addMetaData(root.children[0]);
    } else if (root.data) {
      this.setTitle(root.data);
      this.setMetaTags(root.data);
    }
  }

  private setMetaTags(routeData: { [name: string]: any; }) {
    const routeDataMetaTagsKey = "metaTags";
    const metaTags = routeData[routeDataMetaTagsKey];
    if (!metaTags) { return; }
    for (const tag in metaTags) {
      if (metaTags.hasOwnProperty(tag)) {
        const newTag = { name: tag, content: metaTags[tag] };
        console.log("new tag", newTag);
        this.metaService.addTag(newTag);
      }
    }
  }

  private setTitle(routeData: { [name: string]: any; }) {
    const routeDataTitleKey = "title";
    const title = routeData[routeDataTitleKey];
    if (title) {
      console.log("new title", title);
      this.titleService.setTitle(title);
    }
  }
}

    this.router.events
      .filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd)
      .distinctUntilChanged()
      .subscribe(() => {
        this.addMetaData(this.router.routerState.snapshot.root);
      });

import { SeoService } from "./seo-service";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    SeoService
  ]
})
export class CoreModule {}

import { SeoService } from "./core/seo-service";

export class AppComponent {
  constructor(private seoService: SeoService) {
    this.seoService.enableSeo();
  }
}